Contrast Stretching using C++ and OpenCV: Image Processing

Theory

Contrast Stretching is one of the piecewise linear function. Contrast Stretching increases the dynamic range of the grey level in the image being processed.

Points (r1, s1) and (r2, s2) control the shape of the transformation. The selection of control points depends upon the types of image and varies from one image to another image. If r1 = s1 and r2 = s2 then the transformation is linear and this doesn’t affect the image. In other case we can calculate the intensity of output pixel, provided intensity of input pixel is x, as follows

Source Code

#include <iostream>
#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
 
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;
 
int computeOutput(int, int, int, int, int);
 
int main()
{
    Mat image = imread("pic.jpg");
    Mat new_image = image.clone();
 
    int r1, s1, r2, s2;
    cout<<"Enter r1: "<<endl; cin>>r1;
    cout<<"Enter s1: "<<endl; cin>>s1;
    cout<<"Enter r2: "<<endl; cin>>r2;
    cout<<"Enter s2: "<<endl; cin>>s2;
 
    for(int y = 0; y < image.rows; y++){
        for(int x = 0; x < image.cols; x++){
            for(int c = 0; c < 3; c++){
                int output = computeOutput(image.at<Vec3b>(y,x)[c], r1, s1, r2, s2);
                new_image.at<Vec3b>(y,x)[c] = saturate_cast<uchar>(output);
            }
        }
    }
 
    namedWindow("Original Image", 1);
    imshow("Original Image", image);
 
    namedWindow("New Image", 1);
    imshow("New Image", new_image);
 
    waitKey();
 
    return 0;
}
 
int computeOutput(int x, int r1, int s1, int r2, int s2)
{
    float result;
    if(0 <= x && x <= r1){
        result = s1/r1 * x;
    }else if(r1 < x && x <= r2){
        result = ((s2 - s1)/(r2 - r1)) * (x - r1) + s1;
    }else if(r2 < x && x <= 255){
        result = ((255 - s2)/(255 - r2)) * (x - r2) + s2;
    }
    return (int)result;
}

Output