Cohen-Sutherland Line Clipping Algorithm with C/C++
Theory
In this method, every line endpoint is assigned a four-digit binary code(region code) that identifies the location of the point relative to the boundary.
b1 : left
b2 : right
b3 : below
b4 : above
b1 : left
b2 : right
b3 : below
b4 : above
The value 1 indicates its relative position. If a point is within clipping rectangle then region code is 0000. So,
If x – xwmin < 0 , b1 = 1
If xwmax – x < 0 , b2 = 1
If y – ywmin < 0 , b3 = 1
If ywmin – y < 0 , b4 = 1
If the region codes of both end points are 0000 then we accept
the line. Any line that have one in the same bit position is rejected i.e If RA AND RB ≠ 0 ,line is completely outside.
If x – xwmin < 0 , b1 = 1
If xwmax – x < 0 , b2 = 1
If y – ywmin < 0 , b3 = 1
If ywmin – y < 0 , b4 = 1
If the region codes of both end points are 0000 then we accept
the line. Any line that have one in the same bit position is rejected i.e If RA AND RB ≠ 0 ,line is completely outside.
The lines which can not be identified as completely inside or outside a window by these tests are checked for intersection with the window boundary. Such lines may or may not cross into the window interior.
Source Code
Note: to run this code in your machine with Code::blocks IDE, add a link library libgdi32.a (it is usually inside MinGWlib ) in linker setting.
#include <windows.h>
#include <cmath>
#define ROUND(a) ((int) (a + 0.5))
#define LEFT_EDGE 0x1
#define RIGHT_EDGE 0x2
#define BOTTOM_EDGE 0x4
#define TOP_EDGE 0x8
#define INSIDE(a) (!a)
#define REJECT(a,b) (a&b)
#define ACCEPT(a,b) (!(a|b))
/* set window handle */
static HWND sHwnd;
static COLORREF redColor=RGB(255,0,0);
static COLORREF blueColor=RGB(0,0,255);
static COLORREF greenColor=RGB(0,255,0);
typedef struct Point
{
int x;
int y;
}pt;
pt winMin = {100, 100};
pt winMax = {800, 400};
pt p1 = {200, 200};
pt p2 = {900, 300};
void SetWindowHandle(HWND hwnd){
sHwnd=hwnd;
}
/* SetPixel */
void setPixel(int x,int y,COLORREF& color=redColor){
if(sHwnd==NULL){
MessageBox(NULL,"sHwnd was not initialized !","Error",MB_OK|MB_ICONERROR);
exit(0);
}
HDC hdc=GetDC(sHwnd);
SetPixel(hdc,x,y,color);
ReleaseDC(sHwnd,hdc);
return;
}
void LineBresenham (int xa, int ya, int xb, int yb){
int dx = (xb - xa), dy = (yb - ya);
int x, y, xEnd, yEnd;
int p = 2 * abs(dy) - abs(dx);
int twoDy = 2 * abs(dy), twoDyDx = 2 * (abs(dy) - abs(dx));
int tFactor = dx*dy;
if(xa > xb){
x = xb;
y = yb;
xEnd = xa;
}else{
x = xa;
y = ya;
xEnd = xb;
}
setPixel(x, y);
while(x < xEnd){
x++;
if(p < 0)
p += twoDy;
else{
if(tFactor > 0) //for positive slope
y++;
else //for negative slope
y--;
p += twoDyDx;
}
setPixel(x, y);
}
}
void drawBoundary(pt winMin, pt winMax){
int x, y;
x = winMin.x;
for(y = winMin.y; y < winMax.y; y++){
setPixel(x,y, blueColor);
}
y = winMin.y;
for(x = winMin.x; x < winMax.x; x++){
setPixel(x,y, blueColor);
}
x = winMax.x;
for(y = winMin.y; y < winMax.y; y++){
setPixel(x,y, blueColor);
}
y = winMax.y;
for(x = winMin.x; x < winMax.x; x++){
setPixel(x,y, blueColor);
}
}
unsigned char encode(pt Point, pt winMin, pt winMax){
unsigned char code = 0x00;
if(Point.x < winMin.x)
code = code | LEFT_EDGE;
if(Point.x > winMax.x)
code = code | RIGHT_EDGE;
if(Point.y < winMin.y)
code = code | BOTTOM_EDGE;
if(Point.y > winMax.y)
code = code | TOP_EDGE;
return (code);
}
void swapPts(pt *p1, pt *p2){
pt temp;
temp = *p1;
*p1 = *p2;
*p2 = temp;
}
void swapCodes (unsigned char *c1, unsigned char *c2){
unsigned char temp;
temp = *c1;
*c1 = *c2;
*c2 = temp;
}
void clipLine (pt winMin, pt winMax, pt p1, pt p2){
unsigned char code1, code2;
int done = FALSE, draw = FALSE;
float m;
while(!done){
code1 = encode (p1, winMin, winMax);
code2 = encode (p2, winMin, winMax);
if(ACCEPT(code1, code2)){
done = TRUE;
draw = TRUE;
}
else
if(REJECT (code1, code2))
done = TRUE;
else{
if (INSIDE(code1)){
swapPts(&p1, &p2);
swapCodes (&code1, &code2);
}
if(p2.x != p1.x)
m = (p2.y - p1.y) / (p2.x - p1.x);
if(code1 & LEFT_EDGE){
p1.y += (winMin.x - p1.x) * m;
p1.x = winMin.x;
}else
if(code1 & RIGHT_EDGE){
p1.y += (winMax.x - p1.x) * m;
p1.x = winMax.x;
}else
if(code1 & BOTTOM_EDGE){
if(p2.x != p1.x)
p1.x += (winMin.y - p1.y) / m;
p1.y = winMin.y;
}else
if(code1 & TOP_EDGE){
if(p2.x != p1.x)
p1.x += (winMax.y - p1.y)/m;
p1.y = winMax.y;
}
}
}
if(draw){
LineBresenham(ROUND(p1.x), ROUND(p1.y), ROUND(p2.x), ROUND(p2.y));
}
}
/* Window Procedure WndProc */
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd,UINT message,WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam){
switch(message){
case WM_PAINT:
SetWindowHandle(hwnd);
drawBoundary(winMin, winMax);
clipLine(winMin, winMax, p1, p2 );
break;
case WM_CLOSE: // FAIL THROUGH to call DefWindowProc
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
default:
break; // FAIL to call DefWindowProc //
}
return DefWindowProc(hwnd,message,wParam,lParam);
}
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,LPSTR lpCmdLine,int iCmdShow){
static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT("Line Clipping");
WNDCLASS wndclass;
wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW ;
wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc ;
wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0 ;
wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0 ;
wndclass.hInstance = hInstance ;
wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ;
wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW) ;
wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH) ;
wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL ;
wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName ;
// Register the window //
if(!RegisterClass(&wndclass)){
MessageBox(NULL,"Registering the class failled","Error",MB_OK|MB_ICONERROR);
exit(0);
}
// CreateWindow //
HWND hwnd=CreateWindow(szAppName,"Cohen Sutherland Algorithm - Programming Techniques",
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
NULL,
NULL,
hInstance,
NULL);
if(!hwnd){
MessageBox(NULL,"Window Creation Failed!","Error",MB_OK);
exit(0);
}
// ShowWindow and UpdateWindow //
ShowWindow(hwnd,iCmdShow);
UpdateWindow(hwnd);
// Message Loop //
MSG msg;
while(GetMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0)){
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
/* return no error to the operating system */
return 0;
}Output
